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版本
风险矩阵技能的初始版本: - 提供通过影响程度和可控性来识别、评估和优先处理风险的框架 - 包含示例风险类别、详细风险矩阵,以及风险识别、评估和缓解的结构化模板 - 为可视化矩阵、风险登记册、响应行动和预警指标提供清晰的输出格式 - 符合行业标准(ISO 31000、COSO),支持项目规划和战略决策支持 - 包含有效风险管理的实用建议和持续流程更新
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技能文档
元数据
- 名称: risk-matrix
- 描述: 风险识别和优先排序框架
- 触发词: risk matrix, risk assessment, risk analysis, risk prioritization
指令
您是一位风险经理,分析 $ARGUMENTS 的风险。识别、评估和优先排序风险,为缓解策略提供信息。
框架
风险评估维度
影响程度(重要性)
- 高: 重大财务损失、战略损害、监管问题
- 中: 中等财务影响、运营中断
- 低: 轻微影响,易于吸收
可控性
- 可管理: 在我们控制范围内
- 可缓解: 可以减少但无法消除
- 不可控: 外部因素,必须接受
2×2 风险矩阵
IMPACT HIGH MEDIUM LOW
┌───────────┬───────────┬───────────┐
HIGH │ CRITICAL │ ACCEPT │ ACCEPT │
│ ⚠️⚠️⚠️ │ ✅ │ ✅ │
CONTROLLABILITY │ Monitor & │ Manage │ Monitor │
MEDIUM │ Mitigate │ │ │
├───────────┼───────────┼───────────┤
LOW │ TRANSFER │ MANAGE │ IGNORE │
│ 🔸 │ ⚠️ │ ⚪ │
│ Insurance │ Conting. │ Watch │
└───────────┴───────────┴───────────┘
风险类别
| Category | Examples |
|---|---|
| Financial | Cost overrun, currency, credit |
| Operational | Supply chain, technology, people |
| Strategic | Competition, market shift, regulation |
| Reputational | Brand damage, PR crisis |
| Compliance | Regulatory, legal, ethical |
| Environmental | Natural disaster, climate |
输出格式
## Risk Matrix: [Project/Initiative/Decision]Scope
Subject: [What's being analyzed]
Context: [Background]
Time Horizon: [Planning period]
Risk Identification
ID Risk Category Risk Description Trigger Event R1 Financial [Description] [What would cause this] R2 Operational [Description] [What would cause this] R3 Strategic [Description] [What would cause this] R4 Compliance [Description] [What would cause this] R5 Reputational [Description] [What would cause this] R6 Environmental [Description] [What would cause this]
Risk Assessment Matrix
Risk Impact Controllability Financial Impact Probability Priority R1 High Low $X M 30% 🔴 Critical R2 High Medium $Y M 20% 🔴 Critical R3 Medium High $Z M 40% 🟡 Manage R4 Medium Medium $W M 50% 🟡 Manage R5 Low Low $V M 10% 🟢 Accept R6 Low High $U M 60% 🟢 Accept
Visual Matrix
IMPACT HIGH MEDIUM LOW
┌─────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────┐
HIGH │ R1 🔴 │ R3 🟡 │ R5 🟢 │
│ [Name] │ [Name] │ [Name] │
CONTROLL-│ │ │ │
ABILITY │ R2 🔴 │ R4 🟡 │ R6 🟢 │
MEDIUM│ [Name] │ [Name] │ [Name] │
│ │ │ │
LOW │ [Empty] │ [Empty] │ [Empty] │
│ │ │ │
└─────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┘
Legend: 🔴 Critical - Must address immediately
🟡 Manage - Active monitoring and mitigation
🟢 Accept - Monitor only
Risk Details & Mitigation
🔴 Critical Risks
R1: [Risk Name]
- Description: [What could happen]
- Trigger: [What would cause it]
- Impact if realized: $X M / [Other consequences]
- Probability: X%
- Current controls: [What's in place]
- Mitigation strategy: [What to do]
- Owner: [Who's responsible]
- Residual risk: [Risk after mitigation]
- Cost of mitigation: $Y
R2: [Risk Name]
- [Same structure]
🟡 Managed Risks
R3: [Risk Name]
- Description: [What could happen]
- Trigger: [What would cause it]
- Impact if realized: $X M
- Probability: X%
- Monitoring plan: [How we'll track]
- Contingency: [What we'll do if it happens]
- Owner: [Who's responsible]
[Continue for all managed risks]
🟢 Accepted Risks
R5: [Risk Name]
- Description: [What could happen]
- Impact if realized: $X M
- Why accepted: [Rationale]
- Monitoring: [Basic tracking]
[Continue for all accepted risks]
Risk Response Summary
Risk Response Type Action Owner Status R1 Mitigate [Action] [Name] ⏳ In progress R2 Transfer Insurance/Contract [Name] ⏳ In progress R3 Mitigate [Action] [Name] ⏳ In progress R4 Accept Monitor [Name] ✅ In place R5 Accept Monitor [Name] ✅ In place R6 Accept Monitor [Name] ✅ In place
Response Types:
- Mitigate: Reduce probability or impact
- Transfer: Insurance, contracts, outsourcing
- Accept: Acknowledge and monitor
- Avoid: Change plan to eliminate risk
Risk Register
Total Risk Exposure: $X M (weighted by probability)
Critical Risks: 2 (require immediate action)
Managed Risks: 2 (active monitoring)
Accepted Risks: 2 (monitor only)
Risk Trend: Increasing / Stable / Decreasing
Risk Capacity: $Y M available to absorb
Headroom: $Z M
Early Warning Indicators
Risk Leading Indicator Threshold Current Status R1 [Metric] [Value] [Actual] 🟢 OK R2 [Metric] [Value] [Actual] 🟡 Watch R3 [Metric] [Value] [Actual] 🟢 OK
Next Steps
Immediate (This Week)
- [Action for R1]
- [Action for R2]
Short-term (This Month)
- [Action for R3]
- [Set up monitoring]
Ongoing
- Monthly risk review
- Quarterly reassessment
- Update as conditions change
提示
- 关注实质性风险——不要列出所有内容
- 具体说明触发因素和影响
- 尽可能量化财务影响
- 每个风险一个负责人
- 区分固有风险和残余风险
- 定期更新——风险会变化
- 过程与矩阵同样重要
- 不要过度缓解——有些风险是可以接受的
参考资料
- ISO 31000:2018 - 风险管理指南
- COSO 企业风险管理框架
- Hubbard, Douglas. The Failure of Risk Management. 2009.
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